Schmid Table 3

Topic European draft AGRILEG 236 IFOAM Basic Standards 1998 Codex Alimentarius Draft Guidelines Alinorm 99/22A/1999

No. No. No.

Structure / Basic Principles Detailed basic principles 5.1 Detailed general principles, recommendations and standards in each section. 1-6 Detailed basic principles:

Conditions for conversion 1.6 Livestock not reared in accordance with the regulation may be present on the holding provided they are reared on separate units (specific restrictions like different species, separate buildings and parcels) 3.1.4. Clear exclusion of simultaneous conversion of conv., in conversion and organic production, if not clearly distinguishable. Annex3, 11. Clear exclusion of simultaneous conversion of conv., in conversion and organic production.
Where livestock for organic production are maintained, they should be an integral part of the organic farm unit and should be raised and held according to these guidelines

Conversion
Periods
2.1.2

2.2.1

2.2.2
Conversion period for land:
2 years, can be reduced for pasturage to 1 year (6 months if not treated with un-allowed products) by inspection body).

Conversion times for animals:

- bovines/equidae for meat 12 months (at least 3/4 of their lifetime)

- 6 months for pigs/small ruminants (exception for pigs 4 months until Aug. 2003)

- 6 months for milk production (exception 4 months until Aug. 2003)

- 10 weeks for poultry for meat (minimum 3 days old)

- 6 weeks for egg production

Derogation for meat production until End 2003: for calves 6 months and small ruminants 2 months, if from extensive husbandry
5.2.1

5.3.2., 5.3.3.
Conversion times up to private certification programmes, but at least after 1 year the farm unit is under conversion, and

- Animal for meat production: 1 year and/or whole lifetime

- 30 day for milk production

- 30 days for egg production.

5 – 11

11

The livestock conversion period may be reduced to two years only in the case where the existing livestock and their offspring are fed mainly with products from the unit.

Detailed Conversion times (Schedule 1):

- bovines/equidae for meat 12 months (at least 3/4 of their lifetime)

- 6- months for pigs (as soon as they are weaned and less than 45 days old or weigh less than 25 kg)/small ruminants (as soon as they are weaned and less than 45 days old)

- 6- or 12 months or 30 days for milk production

- 1- 0 weeks for poultry for meat (minimum 7 days old)

- 6- weeks or 3o days for egg production (less than 18 weeks old)

The competent authorities may reduce the conversion periods or in the following cases:

a) pasture, open air runs and exercise areas used by non-herbivore species;

b) for bovine, ovine and caprine coming from extensive husbandry during a transitional period expiring end of 2005 or dairy herds converted for the first time;

Origin of the animals 3.4 - 3.6

3.8-3.10

3.11
If not from organic farms available, for herd/flock constitution or in the case of health or catastrophic circumstances, conv. animals (until End of 2003):
- pullets for eggs: < 18 weeks old

- chicken for meet: < 3 days

- buffalo: < 6months

- calves and horses: after weaning, and < 6 months

- ewes and goats, after weaning, < 45 days

- piglets, after weaning, < 25kg

For renewal of the herd/flock up to 10 % of the adult equine/bovine and 20 % of the adult porcine, ovine, caprine livestock can come as female (nulliparous) from conv. livestock. Exceptions possible for small farms: one animal per year renewal and when breed is changed or major extension (max. 40 %)

Males for breeding from conv. farms if fed "organically"
5.3.1, 5.3.2.

5.3.1., GA98
If not from organic farms available, for herd constitution, conv. animals, if:

- pullets for eggs: < 18 weeks old

- chicken for meet: < 2 days

- < 4 weeks for other poultry after hatching

- calves: after weaning (full milk diet)

- piglets, after weaning, < 6 weeks

The certification shall set time limits for implementation of certified organic animals (deadline End of 2003)

Breeding stock: Up to 10 % of the same species can come from conv. livestock.

Exceptions possible for small farms and major changes of breed/farm).
8

7
If not from organic farms available, for herd constitution, conv. animals, if:

- pullets for eggs: < 18 weeks old

- chicken for meet: < 7 days

- < 2 weeks for other poultry

- calves: after weaning (full milk diet) after 5 weeks

- piglets, after weaning, < 45 days old or weigh less than 25 kg

Breeding stock: .If not available form organic farms, official or officially recognised inspection/ certification body may allow livestock not raised according these guidelines under the following circumstances:

a) high mortality of animals caused by [health or] catastrophic circumstances;

b) [until 2005] for considerable expansion of the farm, when a breed is changed or when new livestock specialisation is developed. In these cases [no more than 40% of] the livestock that are being introduced may come from non-organic sources;

c) for the renewal of a herd, up to 10% of adult equine or bovine livestock and 20% of adult porcine, ovine and caprine livestock as a female nulliparus [bred/non bred];

d) males for breeding;

e) for the commencement of the organic activity and/or during a transitional period expiring December 2005;

f) for poultry for meat production, pullets for egg production and pigs for meat production during a transitional period expiring December 2005.

Feed 4.4

4.5

4.6 -4.7

4.11

4.10

4.8

4.17 - 4.18
Conversion fodder: up to 30 % and up to 60 % from own farm (after one year of conversion) is calculated as organic.

Feeding of young mammals with natural milk for a minimum of 3 months for bovines/equidae, 45 days for sheep and 40 days for pigs.

Roughage, fresh or dried fodder or silage: for herbivores at least 60 % of the daily ration on dry matter basis. This can be reduced to 50 % for dairy animals for max. 3 months in early lactation. For pigs and poultry roughage added in daily ration.

For poultry in fattening stage at least 65 % cereals.

If no organic produced feed is available during transitional period until Aug. 2005 up to 10 % for herbivores and 20 % for other species (non-ruminants) is allowed on dry mater basis). Max. 25 % in daily ration except during transhumance

Antibiotics, cocciodistatics, growth promoters, GMO and products thereof not allowed
5.6.4,new 4.2.1, GA98

5.6.10

5.6.2.

5.6.7

5.6.5

Feed produced during the first year of organic management within the farm unit can be calculated as fully organic. The products from pastures and meadows are organic feed after 12 months of organic management.
Feeding of young mammals rely on organic natural milk, preferably from their own species In emergencies the certification programme may allow the use for milk from non-organic sources or dairy based milk substitutes (no antibiotics, no synthetic additives)

The prevailing part of the feed (more than 50 %) shall come from the farm unit itself or be produced in co-operation with other organic farms in the region. Exceptions possible

All ruminants shall have daily access to roughage.

If no organic produced feed is available until 2002 15 % for ruminants and 20 % for non-ruminants and after 2003 10 % for ruminants and 15 % for non-ruminants are allowed on an average daily basis for each animal category. Exceptions are possible for extreme climatic or weather conditions, etc.

The following products shall not be included in, nor added to the feed or in any other way be given to farm animals:

a. Synthetic growth promoters

b. synthetic appetisers

c. preservatives, except when used as processing aid

d. artificial colouring agents

e. urea

f. farm animal by-products (e.g. abattoir waste) to ruminants

g. Droppings, dung or other manure (all types of excrements)

h. feed subject to solvent extraction or the addition of other chemical agents

i. pure amino acids

j. GMO or products thereof
.

15

15

13

Young mammals preferably maternal milk

Substantial proportion of dry matter in the daily ration of herbivores needs to consist of roughage, fresh or dried fodder, or silage;

- the need for cereals in the fattening phase of poultry;

- roughage, fresh or dried fodder or silage in the daily ration for pigs and poultry.

If no organically produced feed is available [Until 2005,] the inspection/certification body may allow non-organic feedstuff providing it does not contain GMO or products thereof.

- Livestock products will maintain their organic status providing feed consisting of at least 85% for ruminants and 80% for non-ruminants, calculated on a dry matter basis, is from organic sources/farms.

Feed… 5.6.5 This covers both organic and conventional feedstuffs
Vitamins, trace elements and supplements shall be used from natural origin when available. The certification programm shall define conditions for other sources.

Food preservatives such as these may be used:

a. Bacteria, fungi and enzymes

b. By-products of food industry (e.g. molasses)

c. plant based products.

Synthetic chemical fodder preservatives may be allowed in special weather conditions (e.g. acetic, formic and propionic acids, conditions to best by certification progra
19 Feed additives or processing aids :
- from genetically engineered/modified source are not permitted;

- synthetic products for the purpose of stimulating growth are not permitted;

- antioxidants: only natural sources are allowed;

- flavours and appetite stimulants: only natural sources are allowed;

- products against coccidiosis and histaminases are not permitted;

- emulsifier, stabilisers, thickeners: only natural sources are allowed;

Feed additives or processing aids :

- from genetically engineered/modified source are not permitted;

- synthetic products for the purpose of stimulating growth are not permitted;

- antioxidants: only natural sources are allowed;

- flavours and appetite stimulants: only natural sources are allowed;

- products against coccidiosis and histaminases are not permitted;

- emulsifier, stabilisers, thickeners: only natural sources are allowed;

- colouring agents (including pigments): only natural sources are allowed;

- preservatives: only organic acids for poultry feedstuff are allowed;

vitamins and provitamins: natural sources are preferred. Use for the probiotics are allowed;

- enzymes: are not allowed;

- antibiotics: are not allowed.]

Synthetic vitamins, in the absence of natural source vitamins, pure amino acids and trace element supplements are permitted, providing they are not produced through gene technology, and are necessary to maintain health.

Disease prevention, veterinary treatment 5.6

5.7

5.8
Records of all treatments. Information about treatments must be declared to the inspection body before an animal product can be sold with an organic label.
Withdrawal period between the last administration of a allopathic veterinary medical products: twice that laid down by law or at least 48 hours.

After maximal 3 course of treatments within one year with chemically synthesised allopathic medicinal products or antibiotics no organic labelling (new conversion)

5.7.2

5.7.4
Records of all treatments (including details, brand names, etc.) shall be kept, clearly identifying the animals concerned

Double withholding period

No genetically engineered vaccines

Records of all treatments

Withdrawal periods required in either case should be double that required by legislation.

[After 2005 the use of antibiotics will not be permitted for livestock or livestock product labelled as organic.]

Husbandry manag-ment practise 6.1.1

6.2.2

6.1.4 - 6.1.7

6.1.9

6.2.1
Embryo transfer not allowed

Mutilations: not systematically, at the most appropriate age and without suffering of the animals

Tethering is forbidden. Exceptions:

1. for individual animals for safety reasons

2. In old buildings under the condition that regular exercise takes place and enough littered areas (until End of 2010)

3. Cattle in small holdings, if at least 2 x / week access to pasturage, open air runs or exercise areas.(authorised by inspection body only for existing organic farms)

Minimum slaughter ages for poultry for slaughter

No electric stimulation and no allopathic tranquillisers during transport
5.4

5.5.1

5.1.2

5.8.1

5.8.2

5.8.3

5.8.4
Embryo transfer not allowed

Mutilations are not allowed, (e.g., Cutting of teeth, Trimming of beaks). The certification programme may allow the following exceptions:

Castrations, Tail docking of lambs, De-horning, Ringing, Mulesing

Suffering shall be minimised and anaesthetics used where appropriate

Throughout the different steps of the transport/slaughter process there shall be a person responsible for the well-being of the animal.

The handling during transport and slaughter shall be calm and gentle. The use of electric sticks and such instruments is prohibited.
The certification programme shall set slaughter and transportation standards that take into consideration:

a. Stress caused to the animal and person in charge

b. Fitness of the animal

c. Loading and unloading

d. Mixing different groups of animals or animals of different sex

e. Quality and suitability of mode of transport and handling equipment

f. Temperatures and relative humidity

g. Hunger and thirst

h. Specific needs of each animal

No chemically synthesised tranquillisers or stimulants shall be given prior to or during transport.

Where the transport is by axle, the journey time to the slaughterhouse shall not exceed eight hours. Certification programmes may grant exceptions on a case by case basis.
28

29

40

41

42

43

31

32
Embryo transfer techniques and the use of hormonal reproductive treatment may not be used
Operations such as attaching elastic bands to the tails of sheep, tail-docking, cutting of teeth, trimming of beaks and de-horning must not be carried out systematically. Authorised in exceptional circumstances by the competent authority or its delegate. Carried out at the most appropriate age by qualified personnel and any suffering to the animals must be reduced to a minimum. Anaesthetic should be used where appropriate. Physical castration is allowed.

Livestock housing must have smooth, but not slippery floors. The floor must not be entirely of slatted or grid construction.

The housing must be provided with a comfortable, clean and dry laying/rest area of sufficient size, consisting of a solid construction. Ample dry bedding strewn with litter material must be provided in the rest area.

The housing of calves in individual boxes is not permitted. The tethering of livestock are not permitted without the approval of the competent authority.

Sows must be kept in groups, except in the last stages of pregnancy and during the suckling period. Piglets may not be kept on flat decks or in piglet cages. Exercise areas must permit dunging and rooting by the animals.

The transport of living stock should be managed in a calm and gentle way and in a manner which avoids injury and suffering. In transporting livestock, the use of electric stimulation or allopathic tranquillisers is not permitted.

The slaughter of livestock should be undertaken in a manner which minimises stress and suffering, and in accordance with national rules.

Livestock manure 7.1- 7.4

7.5

7.6-7.7
Stocking density: max. 170 kg
Nitrogen from manure per ha/year. Co-operation with other organic holdings possible

Lower limits on national level.

Enough storage capacities for livestock manure
4.4.2, 4.4.3 Limitations for brought in organic materials, minimising nutrient losses. 4

49

50

51
Stocking rates for livestock should be appropriate for the region in question taking into consideration feed production capacity, stock health, nutrient balance of both stock and soils, and environmental impact.
Manure management practices used to maintain any area in which livestock are housed, penned or pastured should be implemented in a manner that:

- minimises soil and water degradation;

- does not significantly contribute to contamination of water by nitrates and pathogenic bacteria;

- optimises recycling of nutrients; and

- does not include burning or any practice inconsistent with organic practices.

All manure storage and handling facilities, including composting facilities should be designed, constructed and operated to prevent contamination of ground and/or surface water.

Manure application rates should be at levels that do not contribute to ground and/or surface water contamination. The timing of application and application methods should not increase the potential for run-off into ponds, rivers and streams.]

Free range areas and livestock housing 8.1.1 - 8.2.4

8.3.1 - 8.3.4

Stocking densities in buildings and outdoor areas must take into account behavioural needs (Figures in Annex)

All mammals must have access to pasturage or open-air areas. Herbivores must have access to pasturage whenever conditions allow. Exceptions for out-door run for final fattening of cattle and pigs for meat, if indoor period not more than 1/5 of their lifetime (in any case max. 3 months)

At least half of the total floor must be solid (not slatted or of grid construction). Suitable natural bedding material.

5.1.1

5.1.2
The certification programme shall ensure that the management of the animal environment takes into account the behavioural needs of the animals and provides for:
a. Sufficient free movement

b. Sufficient fresh air and natural daylight according to the needs of the animals

c. Protection against excessive sunlight, temperatures, rain and wind according to the needs of the animals

d. Enough lying and/or resting area according to the needs of the animal. For all animals requiring bedding, natural materials shall be provided.

e. Ample access to fresh water and feed according to the needs of the animals

f. Adequate facilities for expressing behaviour in accordance with the biological and ethological needs of the species.

All animals shall have access to open air run and/or grazing appropriate the type of animal (specified by national certification programme).

Exceptions, limited in time, are possible, if

-the farm structure prevents such access, provide animal welfare can be guaranteed;

- where feeding animals with fresh fodder is a more sustainable way to use land resources than grazing.

More general criteria see above

33

34

35

36

Housing conditions should meet the biological and behavioural needs of the livestock by providing:

- easy access to feeding and watering;

- insulation, heating, cooling and ventilation of the building to ensure that air circulation, dust level, temperature, relative air humidity and gas concentration are kept within limits which are not harmful to the livestock;

- plentiful natural ventilation and light to enter;

The stocking density in buildings should:

- provide for the comfort and well being of the livestock having regard for the species, the breed and the age of the livestock;

- take into account the behavioural needs of the livestock with respect to the size of the group and the sex of the livestock;

- provide them with sufficient space to stand naturally, lie down easily, turn round, groom themselves, assume all natural postures and movements, such as stretching and wing flapping.

Housing, pens, equipment and utensils should be properly cleaned and disinfected to prevent cross infection and the build-up of disease carrying organisms.

Free range… 8.3.5 -8.3.6

8.4.1 - 8.4.6.

8.5.1 - 8.5.3
Detailed regulations for poultry regarding litter material, bird dropping area, perches, exit/entry holes, max. stocking density/house, natural daylight (max. 16 hours/day light), access to open-air runs (at least one third of their life), etc.
Derogation's regarding access to pasturage/open-air run and stocking densities until End of 2013 are possible on a national level for existing organic farms/buildings (plan for adoption to be presented to the inspection body)

37

38-39

44

45

46

47

48

Free-range, open-air exercise areas, or open-air runs should, if necessary, provide sufficient protection against rain, wind, sun and extreme temperatures, depending on the local weather conditions and the breed concerned.
The outdoor stocking density of livestock kept on pasture, grassland, or other natural or semi-natural habitats, must be low enough to prevent degradation of the soil and over grazing of vegetation.

All mammals must have access to pasture or an open-air exercise area or run which may be partially covered, and they must be able to use those areas whenever the physiological condition of the animal, the weather conditions and the state of the ground permit.

The competent authority may grant exceptions for :

- the a access of bulls to pasture or, in case of cows to an open-air exercise area or run during the winter period; and

the final fattening phase.

Poultry must be reared in open-range conditions, have access to open-air run whenever the weather conditions permit and should not be kept in cages.

Water fowl must have access to a stream, pond or lake whenever the weather conditions permit.

Buildings for all poultry should provide:

– an area of solid construction;

– litter material such as straw, wood shavings, sand or turf;

– a sufficiently large part of the floor area must be available to laying hens for the collection of droppings;

- perches of a size and number commensurate with the size of the group and of the birds;

– exit/entry holes of an adequate size.

In the case of laying hens, natural light may be supplemented by artificial means to provide a maximum of 16 hours light per day with a continuous nocturnal rest period without artificial light of at least eight hours.

For health reasons, between each batch of poultry reared buildings should be emptied, and runs left empty to allow the vegetation to grow back..]

Bees C Part
2.1.,

8.3

3.1 - 3.6

4.1.- 4.2

5.1 - 5.7

6.1 - 6.2

7.1 - 7.8

During conversion time the wax has to be replaced with certified organic wax. Exceptions are possible if not available.
Origin of the bees: 1 year conversion if not from certified organic bee-keeping. Until August 2002 conventional swarms are allowed. Afterwards still derogation’s possible: catastrophic circumstances, 10 % per year conventional swarms and or queen bees allowed

Siting of apiaries:

Areas where organic bee-keeping is not practicable can be designate by member states.

Clear identification of areas (radius of 3 km), with essentially organic crops or crops form low environmental impact methods (EEC No 2078/92) or spontaneous vegetation and no risk of contamination

Feed: preferably with organic honey. Derogation for conventional sugar syrup/molasses/honey until Aug. 2002.

Treatments: same restrictions as for other livestock. Against Varroa-mite: formic, lactic, acetic and oxalic acids as well as menthol, thymol and camphor are allowed.

Husbandry management: No destruction of bee combs, no wing clipping. Registration of placement of apiaries
5.9

5.9.1. , GA98

5.9.2.
Foundation wax should be made from certified organic origin from 2001 on

No provision

Hives shall be placed y in organically managed fields or wild/natural areas and not placed near to fields where chemical pesticides and herbicides are used. Exceptions can be made by certification body on a case by case basis.

By 2001 the percentage of certified wild/organic ingredients used for feeding must be 90 %

54

56

No provision

No provision

Hives for bee-keeping should be placed in:

i) areas where cultivated or spontaneous vegetation comply with the rules of production as set out in Section 4 of these guidelines, or

ii) areas designated by the inspection/certification body and which meet the conditions for organic production.

55. Feeding of bee colonies where conditions require reserves to be built up for winter may be undertaken. Feeding must be carried out between the last honey harvest and the period of dormancy of the colony. Feeding should preferably include organic honey or organic sugar syrup.

- Where unavailable, or in cases of extreme climatic or other extenuating circumstances, feed not satisfying these guidelines may be used.

The health of bee colonies should be maintained by good agricultural practice. This includes:

i) the use of hardy breeds that adapt well to the local conditions;

ii) regular renewal of queen bees;

iii) regular cleaning and disinfection of equipment;

iv) destruction of contaminated materials;

v) regular renewal of beeswax; and

vi) availability in hives of sufficient pollen and honey.

Feed materials An-nex II C

II D
Detailed list of feedstuff, excluding feed of animal origin except for milk and fish products.
List with minerals, trace elements, vitamins, enzymes and micro-organisms, preservatives and processing aids for silage (Formic, acetic, lactic and propionic acids). Binders anti-caking agents and coagulants on mineral basis. No GMO or products thereof.
5.6.5 - 5.6.10

5.6.5, GA98
Positive and negative list of feed compounds. Farm animal by-products to non-ruminants are allowed (e.g. abattoir waste)

Synthetic amino acids are not allowed (no exceptions)

No GMO or products thereof.

14

15

16
Detailed criteria see above

Feed supplements may be in the form of:

minerals and trace elements; molasses; kelp; stone meal and charcoal; fish oils and other fish-by products; shells, cuttle fish bones; meat meal consisting of no more that 2% of the total diet.

Specific livestock rations should take into account:

- the need of young mammals for natural, preferably maternal, milk;

- that a substantial proportion of dry matter in the daily rations of herbivores needs to consist of roughage, fresh or dried fodder, or silage;

- the need for cereals in the fattening phase of poultry;

- roughage, fresh or dried fodder or silage in the daily ration for pigs and poultry.

Silage may not be used exclusively for polygastric animals. Silage preservatives may be comprised of only: sea salt; coarse rock salt; yeast; lactic, acetic, formic and propionic bacteria, or their natural acid product; enzymes; whey; sugar; or sugar products such as molasses; honey.

Cleaning, Disin-fection II E Cleaning agents listed, including formaldehyde none none

Inspection An-nex III Detailed description See accreditation manual: detailed rules 52

53

In addition to requirements for written accounts as set down in Annex 3 of these Guidelines, the operator should maintain detailed and up-to-date records of:

lii) breeding and/or origins of livestock;

liii) the health plan to be used in the prevention and management of disease, injury and reproductive problems;

liv) all treatments and medicines administered for any purpose, including quarantine periods;

iv) feed provided and the source of the feedstuffs;

v) stock movements within the unit;

vi) transportation, slaughter and/or sales.

All livestock should be identified individually, or in the case of poultry and bees, by flock or hive, to enable tracking of livestock within the system at all times and to provide adequate trace back for audit purposes.

Livestock stocking rates An-nex VII Stocking rates To be defined on national level (criteria see above) To be defined on national level (criteria see above)

Indoor and outdoor areas An-nex VIII Detailed figures for different categories of animals for indoor and outdoor area To be defined on national level (criteria see above) To be defined on national level (criteria see above)

Topic	European draft AGRILEG 236		IFOAM Basic Standards 1998		Codex Alimentarius Draft Guidelines Alinorm 99/22A/1999
	No.		No.		No.
Structure / Basic Principles		Detailed basic principles	5.1	Detailed general principles, recommendations and standards in each section.	1-6	Detailed basic principles:
Conditions for conversion	1.6	Livestock not reared in accordance with the regulation may be present on the holding provided they are reared on separate units (specific restrictions like different species, separate buildings and parcels)	3.1.4.	Clear exclusion of simultaneous conversion of conv., in conversion and organic production, if not clearly distinguishable.	Annex3, 11.	Clear exclusion of simultaneous conversion of conv., in conversion and organic production. Where livestock for organic production are maintained, they should be an integral part of the organic farm unit and should be raised and held according to these guidelines
Conversion Periods	2.1.2 2.2.1 2.2.2	Conversion period for land: 2 years, can be reduced for pasturage to 1 year (6 months if not treated with un-allowed products) by inspection body). Conversion times for animals: - bovines/equidae for meat 12 months (at least 3/4 of their lifetime) - 6 months for pigs/small ruminants (exception for pigs 4 months until Aug. 2003) - 6 months for milk production (exception 4 months until Aug. 2003) - 10 weeks for poultry for meat (minimum 3 days old) - 6 weeks for egg production Derogation for meat production until End 2003: for calves 6 months and small ruminants 2 months, if from extensive husbandry	5.2.1 5.3.2., 5.3.3.	Conversion times up to private certification programmes, but at least after 1 year the farm unit is under conversion, and - Animal for meat production: 1 year and/or whole lifetime - 30 day for milk production - 30 days for egg production.	5 – 11 11	The livestock conversion period may be reduced to two years only in the case where the existing livestock and their offspring are fed mainly with products from the unit. Detailed Conversion times (Schedule 1): - bovines/equidae for meat 12 months (at least 3/4 of their lifetime) - 6- months for pigs (as soon as they are weaned and less than 45 days old or weigh less than 25 kg)/small ruminants (as soon as they are weaned and less than 45 days old) - 6- or 12 months or 30 days for milk production - 1- 0 weeks for poultry for meat (minimum 7 days old) - 6- weeks or 3o days for egg production (less than 18 weeks old) The competent authorities may reduce the conversion periods or in the following cases: a) pasture, open air runs and exercise areas used by non-herbivore species; b) for bovine, ovine and caprine coming from extensive husbandry during a transitional period expiring end of 2005 or dairy herds converted for the first time;
Origin of the animals	3.4 - 3.6 3.8-3.10 3.11	If not from organic farms available, for herd/flock constitution or in the case of health or catastrophic circumstances, conv. animals (until End of 2003): - pullets for eggs: < 18 weeks old - chicken for meet: < 3 days - buffalo: < 6months - calves and horses: after weaning, and < 6 months - ewes and goats, after weaning, < 45 days - piglets, after weaning, < 25kg For renewal of the herd/flock up to 10 % of the adult equine/bovine and 20 % of the adult porcine, ovine, caprine livestock can come as female (nulliparous) from conv. livestock. Exceptions possible for small farms: one animal per year renewal and when breed is changed or major extension (max. 40 %) Males for breeding from conv. farms if fed "organically"	5.3.1, 5.3.2. 5.3.1., GA98	If not from organic farms available, for herd constitution, conv. animals, if: - pullets for eggs: < 18 weeks old - chicken for meet: < 2 days - < 4 weeks for other poultry after hatching - calves: after weaning (full milk diet) - piglets, after weaning, < 6 weeks The certification shall set time limits for implementation of certified organic animals (deadline End of 2003) Breeding stock: Up to 10 % of the same species can come from conv. livestock. Exceptions possible for small farms and major changes of breed/farm).	8 7	If not from organic farms available, for herd constitution, conv. animals, if: - pullets for eggs: < 18 weeks old - chicken for meet: < 7 days - < 2 weeks for other poultry - calves: after weaning (full milk diet) after 5 weeks - piglets, after weaning, < 45 days old or weigh less than 25 kg Breeding stock: .If not available form organic farms, official or officially recognised inspection/ certification body may allow livestock not raised according these guidelines under the following circumstances: a) high mortality of animals caused by [health or] catastrophic circumstances; b) [until 2005] for considerable expansion of the farm, when a breed is changed or when new livestock specialisation is developed. In these cases [no more than 40% of] the livestock that are being introduced may come from non-organic sources; c) for the renewal of a herd, up to 10% of adult equine or bovine livestock and 20% of adult porcine, ovine and caprine livestock as a female nulliparus [bred/non bred]; d) males for breeding; e) for the commencement of the organic activity and/or during a transitional period expiring December 2005; f) for poultry for meat production, pullets for egg production and pigs for meat production during a transitional period expiring December 2005.
Feed	4.4 4.5 4.6 -4.7 4.11 4.10 4.8 4.17 - 4.18	Conversion fodder: up to 30 % and up to 60 % from own farm (after one year of conversion) is calculated as organic. Feeding of young mammals with natural milk for a minimum of 3 months for bovines/equidae, 45 days for sheep and 40 days for pigs. Roughage, fresh or dried fodder or silage: for herbivores at least 60 % of the daily ration on dry matter basis. This can be reduced to 50 % for dairy animals for max. 3 months in early lactation. For pigs and poultry roughage added in daily ration. For poultry in fattening stage at least 65 % cereals. If no organic produced feed is available during transitional period until Aug. 2005 up to 10 % for herbivores and 20 % for other species (non-ruminants) is allowed on dry mater basis). Max. 25 % in daily ration except during transhumance Antibiotics, cocciodistatics, growth promoters, GMO and products thereof not allowed	5.6.4,new 4.2.1, GA98 5.6.10 5.6.2. 5.6.7 5.6.5	Feed produced during the first year of organic management within the farm unit can be calculated as fully organic. The products from pastures and meadows are organic feed after 12 months of organic management. Feeding of young mammals rely on organic natural milk, preferably from their own species In emergencies the certification programme may allow the use for milk from non-organic sources or dairy based milk substitutes (no antibiotics, no synthetic additives) The prevailing part of the feed (more than 50 %) shall come from the farm unit itself or be produced in co-operation with other organic farms in the region. Exceptions possible All ruminants shall have daily access to roughage. If no organic produced feed is available until 2002 15 % for ruminants and 20 % for non-ruminants and after 2003 10 % for ruminants and 15 % for non-ruminants are allowed on an average daily basis for each animal category. Exceptions are possible for extreme climatic or weather conditions, etc. The following products shall not be included in, nor added to the feed or in any other way be given to farm animals: a. Synthetic growth promoters b. synthetic appetisers c. preservatives, except when used as processing aid d. artificial colouring agents e. urea f. farm animal by-products (e.g. abattoir waste) to ruminants g. Droppings, dung or other manure (all types of excrements) h. feed subject to solvent extraction or the addition of other chemical agents i. pure amino acids j. GMO or products thereof	. 15 15 13	Young mammals preferably maternal milk Substantial proportion of dry matter in the daily ration of herbivores needs to consist of roughage, fresh or dried fodder, or silage; - the need for cereals in the fattening phase of poultry; - roughage, fresh or dried fodder or silage in the daily ration for pigs and poultry. If no organically produced feed is available [Until 2005,] the inspection/certification body may allow non-organic feedstuff providing it does not contain GMO or products thereof. - Livestock products will maintain their organic status providing feed consisting of at least 85% for ruminants and 80% for non-ruminants, calculated on a dry matter basis, is from organic sources/farms.
Feed…			5.6.5	This covers both organic and conventional feedstuffs Vitamins, trace elements and supplements shall be used from natural origin when available. The certification programm shall define conditions for other sources. Food preservatives such as these may be used: a. Bacteria, fungi and enzymes b. By-products of food industry (e.g. molasses) c. plant based products. Synthetic chemical fodder preservatives may be allowed in special weather conditions (e.g. acetic, formic and propionic acids, conditions to best by certification progra	19	Feed additives or processing aids : - from genetically engineered/modified source are not permitted; - synthetic products for the purpose of stimulating growth are not permitted; - antioxidants: only natural sources are allowed; - flavours and appetite stimulants: only natural sources are allowed; - products against coccidiosis and histaminases are not permitted; - emulsifier, stabilisers, thickeners: only natural sources are allowed; Feed additives or processing aids : - from genetically engineered/modified source are not permitted; - synthetic products for the purpose of stimulating growth are not permitted; - antioxidants: only natural sources are allowed; - flavours and appetite stimulants: only natural sources are allowed; - products against coccidiosis and histaminases are not permitted; - emulsifier, stabilisers, thickeners: only natural sources are allowed; - colouring agents (including pigments): only natural sources are allowed; - preservatives: only organic acids for poultry feedstuff are allowed; vitamins and provitamins: natural sources are preferred. Use for the probiotics are allowed; - enzymes: are not allowed; - antibiotics: are not allowed.] Synthetic vitamins, in the absence of natural source vitamins, pure amino acids and trace element supplements are permitted, providing they are not produced through gene technology, and are necessary to maintain health.
Disease prevention, veterinary treatment	5.6 5.7 5.8	Records of all treatments. Information about treatments must be declared to the inspection body before an animal product can be sold with an organic label. Withdrawal period between the last administration of a allopathic veterinary medical products: twice that laid down by law or at least 48 hours. After maximal 3 course of treatments within one year with chemically synthesised allopathic medicinal products or antibiotics no organic labelling (new conversion)	5.7.2 5.7.4	Records of all treatments (including details, brand names, etc.) shall be kept, clearly identifying the animals concerned Double withholding period No genetically engineered vaccines		Records of all treatments Withdrawal periods required in either case should be double that required by legislation. [After 2005 the use of antibiotics will not be permitted for livestock or livestock product labelled as organic.]
Husbandry manag-ment practise	6.1.1 6.2.2 6.1.4 - 6.1.7 6.1.9 6.2.1	Embryo transfer not allowed Mutilations: not systematically, at the most appropriate age and without suffering of the animals Tethering is forbidden. Exceptions: 1. for individual animals for safety reasons 2. In old buildings under the condition that regular exercise takes place and enough littered areas (until End of 2010) 3. Cattle in small holdings, if at least 2 x / week access to pasturage, open air runs or exercise areas.(authorised by inspection body only for existing organic farms) Minimum slaughter ages for poultry for slaughter No electric stimulation and no allopathic tranquillisers during transport	5.4 5.5.1 5.1.2 5.8.1 5.8.2 5.8.3 5.8.4	Embryo transfer not allowed Mutilations are not allowed, (e.g., Cutting of teeth, Trimming of beaks). The certification programme may allow the following exceptions: Castrations, Tail docking of lambs, De-horning, Ringing, Mulesing Suffering shall be minimised and anaesthetics used where appropriate Throughout the different steps of the transport/slaughter process there shall be a person responsible for the well-being of the animal. The handling during transport and slaughter shall be calm and gentle. The use of electric sticks and such instruments is prohibited. The certification programme shall set slaughter and transportation standards that take into consideration: a. Stress caused to the animal and person in charge b. Fitness of the animal c. Loading and unloading d. Mixing different groups of animals or animals of different sex e. Quality and suitability of mode of transport and handling equipment f. Temperatures and relative humidity g. Hunger and thirst h. Specific needs of each animal No chemically synthesised tranquillisers or stimulants shall be given prior to or during transport. Where the transport is by axle, the journey time to the slaughterhouse shall not exceed eight hours. Certification programmes may grant exceptions on a case by case basis.	28 29 40 41 42 43 31 32	Embryo transfer techniques and the use of hormonal reproductive treatment may not be used Operations such as attaching elastic bands to the tails of sheep, tail-docking, cutting of teeth, trimming of beaks and de-horning must not be carried out systematically. Authorised in exceptional circumstances by the competent authority or its delegate. Carried out at the most appropriate age by qualified personnel and any suffering to the animals must be reduced to a minimum. Anaesthetic should be used where appropriate. Physical castration is allowed. Livestock housing must have smooth, but not slippery floors. The floor must not be entirely of slatted or grid construction. The housing must be provided with a comfortable, clean and dry laying/rest area of sufficient size, consisting of a solid construction. Ample dry bedding strewn with litter material must be provided in the rest area. The housing of calves in individual boxes is not permitted. The tethering of livestock are not permitted without the approval of the competent authority. Sows must be kept in groups, except in the last stages of pregnancy and during the suckling period. Piglets may not be kept on flat decks or in piglet cages. Exercise areas must permit dunging and rooting by the animals. The transport of living stock should be managed in a calm and gentle way and in a manner which avoids injury and suffering. In transporting livestock, the use of electric stimulation or allopathic tranquillisers is not permitted. The slaughter of livestock should be undertaken in a manner which minimises stress and suffering, and in accordance with national rules.
Livestock manure	7.1- 7.4 7.5 7.6-7.7	Stocking density: max. 170 kg Nitrogen from manure per ha/year. Co-operation with other organic holdings possible Lower limits on national level. Enough storage capacities for livestock manure	4.4.2, 4.4.3	Limitations for brought in organic materials, minimising nutrient losses.	4 49 50 51	Stocking rates for livestock should be appropriate for the region in question taking into consideration feed production capacity, stock health, nutrient balance of both stock and soils, and environmental impact. Manure management practices used to maintain any area in which livestock are housed, penned or pastured should be implemented in a manner that: - minimises soil and water degradation; - does not significantly contribute to contamination of water by nitrates and pathogenic bacteria; - optimises recycling of nutrients; and - does not include burning or any practice inconsistent with organic practices. All manure storage and handling facilities, including composting facilities should be designed, constructed and operated to prevent contamination of ground and/or surface water. Manure application rates should be at levels that do not contribute to ground and/or surface water contamination. The timing of application and application methods should not increase the potential for run-off into ponds, rivers and streams.]
Free range areas and livestock housing	8.1.1 - 8.2.4 8.3.1 - 8.3.4	Stocking densities in buildings and outdoor areas must take into account behavioural needs (Figures in Annex) All mammals must have access to pasturage or open-air areas. Herbivores must have access to pasturage whenever conditions allow. Exceptions for out-door run for final fattening of cattle and pigs for meat, if indoor period not more than 1/5 of their lifetime (in any case max. 3 months) At least half of the total floor must be solid (not slatted or of grid construction). Suitable natural bedding material.	5.1.1 5.1.2	The certification programme shall ensure that the management of the animal environment takes into account the behavioural needs of the animals and provides for: a. Sufficient free movement b. Sufficient fresh air and natural daylight according to the needs of the animals c. Protection against excessive sunlight, temperatures, rain and wind according to the needs of the animals d. Enough lying and/or resting area according to the needs of the animal. For all animals requiring bedding, natural materials shall be provided. e. Ample access to fresh water and feed according to the needs of the animals f. Adequate facilities for expressing behaviour in accordance with the biological and ethological needs of the species. All animals shall have access to open air run and/or grazing appropriate the type of animal (specified by national certification programme). Exceptions, limited in time, are possible, if -the farm structure prevents such access, provide animal welfare can be guaranteed; - where feeding animals with fresh fodder is a more sustainable way to use land resources than grazing. More general criteria see above	33 34 35 36	Housing conditions should meet the biological and behavioural needs of the livestock by providing: - easy access to feeding and watering; - insulation, heating, cooling and ventilation of the building to ensure that air circulation, dust level, temperature, relative air humidity and gas concentration are kept within limits which are not harmful to the livestock; - plentiful natural ventilation and light to enter; The stocking density in buildings should: - provide for the comfort and well being of the livestock having regard for the species, the breed and the age of the livestock; - take into account the behavioural needs of the livestock with respect to the size of the group and the sex of the livestock; - provide them with sufficient space to stand naturally, lie down easily, turn round, groom themselves, assume all natural postures and movements, such as stretching and wing flapping. Housing, pens, equipment and utensils should be properly cleaned and disinfected to prevent cross infection and the build-up of disease carrying organisms.
Free range…	8.3.5 -8.3.6 8.4.1 - 8.4.6. 8.5.1 - 8.5.3	Detailed regulations for poultry regarding litter material, bird dropping area, perches, exit/entry holes, max. stocking density/house, natural daylight (max. 16 hours/day light), access to open-air runs (at least one third of their life), etc. Derogation's regarding access to pasturage/open-air run and stocking densities until End of 2013 are possible on a national level for existing organic farms/buildings (plan for adoption to be presented to the inspection body)			37 38-39 44 45 46 47 48	Free-range, open-air exercise areas, or open-air runs should, if necessary, provide sufficient protection against rain, wind, sun and extreme temperatures, depending on the local weather conditions and the breed concerned. The outdoor stocking density of livestock kept on pasture, grassland, or other natural or semi-natural habitats, must be low enough to prevent degradation of the soil and over grazing of vegetation. All mammals must have access to pasture or an open-air exercise area or run which may be partially covered, and they must be able to use those areas whenever the physiological condition of the animal, the weather conditions and the state of the ground permit. The competent authority may grant exceptions for : - the a access of bulls to pasture or, in case of cows to an open-air exercise area or run during the winter period; and the final fattening phase. Poultry must be reared in open-range conditions, have access to open-air run whenever the weather conditions permit and should not be kept in cages. Water fowl must have access to a stream, pond or lake whenever the weather conditions permit. Buildings for all poultry should provide: – an area of solid construction; – litter material such as straw, wood shavings, sand or turf; – a sufficiently large part of the floor area must be available to laying hens for the collection of droppings; - perches of a size and number commensurate with the size of the group and of the birds; – exit/entry holes of an adequate size. In the case of laying hens, natural light may be supplemented by artificial means to provide a maximum of 16 hours light per day with a continuous nocturnal rest period without artificial light of at least eight hours. For health reasons, between each batch of poultry reared buildings should be emptied, and runs left empty to allow the vegetation to grow back..]
Bees	C Part 2.1., 8.3 3.1 - 3.6 4.1.- 4.2 5.1 - 5.7 6.1 - 6.2 7.1 - 7.8	During conversion time the wax has to be replaced with certified organic wax. Exceptions are possible if not available. Origin of the bees: 1 year conversion if not from certified organic bee-keeping. Until August 2002 conventional swarms are allowed. Afterwards still derogation’s possible: catastrophic circumstances, 10 % per year conventional swarms and or queen bees allowed Siting of apiaries: Areas where organic bee-keeping is not practicable can be designate by member states. Clear identification of areas (radius of 3 km), with essentially organic crops or crops form low environmental impact methods (EEC No 2078/92) or spontaneous vegetation and no risk of contamination Feed: preferably with organic honey. Derogation for conventional sugar syrup/molasses/honey until Aug. 2002. Treatments: same restrictions as for other livestock. Against Varroa-mite: formic, lactic, acetic and oxalic acids as well as menthol, thymol and camphor are allowed. Husbandry management: No destruction of bee combs, no wing clipping. Registration of placement of apiaries	5.9 5.9.1. , GA98 5.9.2.	Foundation wax should be made from certified organic origin from 2001 on No provision Hives shall be placed y in organically managed fields or wild/natural areas and not placed near to fields where chemical pesticides and herbicides are used. Exceptions can be made by certification body on a case by case basis. By 2001 the percentage of certified wild/organic ingredients used for feeding must be 90 %	54 56	No provision No provision Hives for bee-keeping should be placed in: i) areas where cultivated or spontaneous vegetation comply with the rules of production as set out in Section 4 of these guidelines, or ii) areas designated by the inspection/certification body and which meet the conditions for organic production. 55. Feeding of bee colonies where conditions require reserves to be built up for winter may be undertaken. Feeding must be carried out between the last honey harvest and the period of dormancy of the colony. Feeding should preferably include organic honey or organic sugar syrup. - Where unavailable, or in cases of extreme climatic or other extenuating circumstances, feed not satisfying these guidelines may be used. The health of bee colonies should be maintained by good agricultural practice. This includes: i) the use of hardy breeds that adapt well to the local conditions; ii) regular renewal of queen bees; iii) regular cleaning and disinfection of equipment; iv) destruction of contaminated materials; v) regular renewal of beeswax; and vi) availability in hives of sufficient pollen and honey.
Feed materials	An-nex II C II D	Detailed list of feedstuff, excluding feed of animal origin except for milk and fish products. List with minerals, trace elements, vitamins, enzymes and micro-organisms, preservatives and processing aids for silage (Formic, acetic, lactic and propionic acids). Binders anti-caking agents and coagulants on mineral basis. No GMO or products thereof.	5.6.5 - 5.6.10 5.6.5, GA98	Positive and negative list of feed compounds. Farm animal by-products to non-ruminants are allowed (e.g. abattoir waste) Synthetic amino acids are not allowed (no exceptions) No GMO or products thereof.	14 15 16	Detailed criteria see above Feed supplements may be in the form of: minerals and trace elements; molasses; kelp; stone meal and charcoal; fish oils and other fish-by products; shells, cuttle fish bones; meat meal consisting of no more that 2% of the total diet. Specific livestock rations should take into account: - the need of young mammals for natural, preferably maternal, milk; - that a substantial proportion of dry matter in the daily rations of herbivores needs to consist of roughage, fresh or dried fodder, or silage; - the need for cereals in the fattening phase of poultry; - roughage, fresh or dried fodder or silage in the daily ration for pigs and poultry. Silage may not be used exclusively for polygastric animals. Silage preservatives may be comprised of only: sea salt; coarse rock salt; yeast; lactic, acetic, formic and propionic bacteria, or their natural acid product; enzymes; whey; sugar; or sugar products such as molasses; honey.
Cleaning, Disin-fection	II E	Cleaning agents listed, including formaldehyde		none		none
Inspection	An-nex III	Detailed description		See accreditation manual: detailed rules	52 53	In addition to requirements for written accounts as set down in Annex 3 of these Guidelines, the operator should maintain detailed and up-to-date records of: lii) breeding and/or origins of livestock; liii) the health plan to be used in the prevention and management of disease, injury and reproductive problems; liv) all treatments and medicines administered for any purpose, including quarantine periods; iv) feed provided and the source of the feedstuffs; v) stock movements within the unit; vi) transportation, slaughter and/or sales. All livestock should be identified individually, or in the case of poultry and bees, by flock or hive, to enable tracking of livestock within the system at all times and to provide adequate trace back for audit purposes.
Livestock stocking rates	An-nex VII	Stocking rates		To be defined on national level (criteria see above)		To be defined on national level (criteria see above)
Indoor and outdoor areas	An-nex VIII	Detailed figures for different categories of animals for indoor and outdoor area		To be defined on national level (criteria see above)		To be defined on national level (criteria see above)